International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Science Archive

Stroke: A Review

Tabasum Nazeer, Rajesh Kumar, Ajeetpal Singh, Amarpal Singh, Himani Rana — Mon, 08 Apr 2024 03:37:17 +0000

Cerebrovascular disease is the second cause of death and the sixth cause of morbidity worldwide, which will rise to fourth place by 2020. The treatment strategies for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) divided into two groups, including intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy. Regarding growing development in the realm of diagnosis and treatment of stroke through state-of-the-art approaches, including emergent thrombectomy, there are new opportunities for investigation in this area. This is while a rough rate of 85% for strokes is occupied by, and the remained is hemorrhagic. Hence, the present study aimed to review recent advances in AIS with a focus on emergent thrombectomy. Here, we first provided the relevant history, and then the recent advances were discussed. The library data collection method was employed so that such databases as Web of Science, PubMed, and Science Direct used for data extraction. The evidence confirms the importance of emergent thrombectomy as all believe the famous statement “time is the brain.” However, further investigations are required to find more strong evidence accordingly

Keywords: Ischemic stroke; Thrombectomy; Thrombolysis.

Oncology Agents for Cancer Therapy: A Review

Pratibha ., Rajesh Kumar, Ajeet Pal Singh, Amarpal Singh, Himani Rana — Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The introduction of novel agents for the management of advanced prostate cancer has significantly expanded treatment options, particularly benefiting men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, there are still gaps in understanding optimal patient selection, effective sequential use of treatments, and the development of resistance patterns.

Certainly, reviewing current systemic therapies and recent advances in drug development for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), as well as discussing strategies to aid in patient selection and optimal sequencing, is crucial for improving patient outcomes and treatment efficacy. This involves analyzing the latest clinical data, understanding the mechanisms of action of new therapies, and considering factors such as tumor biology, previous treatments, and patient preferences to tailor treatment strategies for each individual. Selective kinase inhibitors have indeed emerged as a significant class of anticancer agents, showing promising clinical efficacy and generally favorable toxicity profiles in various disease settings. They have particularly shown potential in cases where conventional treatments have offered only limited benefit. This underscores their importance in expanding treatment options and improving outcomes for patients across different cancer types.

Keywords: mCRPC, NSCLC

Development and Evaluation of NDDS: Review

Prince ., Rajesh Kumar, Prachi Sharma, Ajeetpal Singh, Amarpal Singh — Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Plants are the nature of medicine of nature and are used by people earth has been for food and medicine since ancient times. Today’s Worldwide movements to locate herbal medicines in laboratory plants scale and subsequent pre- clinical and clinical trials business with an effective human drug supply system. To enhance the delivery of herbal drugs by increasing their therapeutic benefits and reducing their toxicity, the need for Innovation drug delivery system has increased. This review provides information on numerous strategies used to increase the efficiency and safety of phytomedicines, as well as employing novel formulations. It includes enhancement of solubility, bioavailability and protection from toxicity, etc . The herbal drugs can be used in a more upright source with enhance effectiveness by incorporating them into suitable dosage forms.

Key Words: Novel drug delivery system, Herbal drugs, Phytosomes, Liposomes, Nanoparticles, drug carries, stability.

Hyperthyroidism: A Review

Kulwinder Kaur, Rajesh Kumar, Ajeet Pal Singh, Amarpal Singh, Himani Rana — Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Hyperthyroidism is characterized by excessive secretion of thyroid hormones, leading to elevated serum levels. It affects various organ systems,

including cardiovascular, nervous, gastrointestinal, and hepatic systems. Graves’ disease, an autoimmune condition, is the most common cause, resulting in unopposed stimulation of the thyroid gland by antibodies against the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. Surgical removal of the thyroid gland is an option for patients with large glands, severe ophthalmopathy, and lack of remission. Medications like propylthiouracil and methimazole inhibit thyroid hormone secretion by blocking the peroxidase enzyme system and inhibiting coupling reactions. Glucocorticoids are used in thyrotoxicosis with thyroid tissue destruction, such as in subacute thyroiditis or type-2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis

Review on ISO 9000 Series Requirements in Quality Management Systems

Naman Vohra, Rajesh Kumar, Himani Rana, Amar Pal Singh, Ajeet Pal Singh — Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Quality of pharmaceuticals has been an issue for WHO since its establishment. In present world people are more concerned about quality, safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical products.

Without assurance of meeting acceptable standards of quality, safety and efficacy of any pharmaceutical product, obviously quality of pharmaceutical product is compromised.

For management of Quality, Safety and Efficacy, Quality Management System (QMS) comes in to the picture. Qualitymanagement in pharmaceutical industry is one of the most important aspects of pharmaceutical product development. It isbecause quality of a pharmaceutical product is directly related to the safety of consumer/ patient.

For maintaining the quality, safety and efficacy companies follow several guidelines for example: USFDA, GMP, GLP,ICH, and ISO etc.

This review mainly focuses on ISO 9000. ISO 9000 is a widely used quality management standard across the globe. Guidelines present in ISO 9000 are intended to increase business efficiency and customer satisfaction by establishingaquality management system, increasing productivity, reducing unnecessary costand ensuring quality and process andproducts.

Main objective of this review is to highlight most important ISO 9000 requirements to produce an effective Quality Management System. This review also assembles ISO 9000 requirements in an effective way that will help scholars in theirfurther research.

Malaria: A Review

Neha Kumari, Rajesh Kumar, Ajeet Pal Singh, Amar Pal Singh, Prachi Sharma — Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Presentation Malaria is a mosquito-borne irresistible infection of people and other creatures caused by protists (a sort of microorganism) of the class [2] Plasmodium. It starts with a chomp from a tainted female mosquito, which presents the protists through its spit into the circulatory framework, and eventually to the liver where they develop and duplicate. The malady causes indications that regularly incorporate fever and migraine, which in extreme cases can advance to coma or passing. Malaria is far-reaching in tropical and subtropical districts in a wideband around the equator, counting much of Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and the Americas. The term Malaria starts from Medieval Italian: mala aria — "terrible discuss"; the infection was once called ague or [3]. bog fever due to its affiliation with swamps and marshland. Malaria was once common in most of Europe and North America, where it is no longer endemic, in spite of the fact that imported cases do happen. Other Plasmodium species cause diseases in certain creatures. A few warm-blooded animals, feathered creatures and reptiles have their possess frame of jungle fever.

Keywords: Malaria, Plasmodium, Bog Fever.

Pharmacological Evaluation of Herbal Plant for its Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Activity

Hrishikesh Chaturvedi, Amit Kumar — Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Oxidative stress is the major role involved in the etiology of depression. Reduced oxidative stress correlates with the antidepressant treatment and brings the moderate clinical recovery of depression. Natural antioxidants that are present in herbs and spices are responsible for inhibiting and preventing the deleterious consequences of oxidative stress. Different concentrations of Jasminum sambac were used to evaluate the antioxidant effect. The in-vivo antioxidant was evaluated by MDA, serum catalase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione reactive substance assay method. The in-vivo antiparkinson activity of methanolic extract of Jasminum sambac flower were evaluated by using Locomotor and Rotarod method. Male albino rats were treated at a dose of 200 and 500mg/kg I.P and behavior was observed on these models.

Keywords: Antioxidant, MDA, Serum catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, Jasminum sambac, Locomotor, Rotarod.

Antibiotics – Macrolides : A Review

Harman Singh, Rajesh Kumar, Ajeetpal Singh, Amarpal Singh, Himani Rana — Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Antibiotics are drugs that fight against bacterial infections in humans and animals. They work by killing the bacteria or by making it hard for the bacteria to grow and multiply.

Macrolides are a class of drugs used to manage and treat various bacterial infections. Azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erthromycin are commonly used to treat infections like pneumonia, sinusitis, pharyngitis, and tonsillitis. They are also used in uncomplicated skin infections and otitis media in pediatric patients.

Macrolides are a class of antibiotic that includes erythromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin. First-line indications for macrolides include the treatment of atypical community acquired pneumonia, H. Pylori (as part of triple therapy), chlamydia and acute non-specific urethritis.

Key words: antibiotics, macrolide, Azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erthromycin.