Abstract
Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by hyperglycemia, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis. This study aims to explore the clinical and biochemical characteristics of DKA in patients to enhance understanding and management of the condition.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over six months at a tertiary care hospital. Adult patients (≥18 years) diagnosed with DKA were included. Clinical data and biochemical parameters, including blood glucose levels, serum ketones, arterial pH, bicarbonate levels, and electrolyte status, were collected and analyzed. The study also reviewed treatment approaches and outcomes.
Results: The study included 100 patients with a median age of 58 years. The majority were female (60%). Average blood glucose was 350 mg/dL, and serum ketones averaged 4.5 mmol/L. Arterial pH was 7.2, and bicarbonate levels were 12 mEq/L, indicating significant metabolic acidosis. Electrolyte imbalances were noted with median serum sodium at 135 mEq/L and potassium at 4.0 mEq/L. All patients received fluid resuscitation, 95% were administered insulin, and 80% received electrolyte replacement. The recovery rate was 85%, with a 5% mortality rate.
Conclusions: This study highlights the prevalence and clinical presentation of DKA, emphasizing the importance of timely and effective management. The findings reinforce the need for accurate biochemical monitoring and tailored treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes. The high recovery rate underscores the effectiveness of current treatment protocols, while the observed mortality rate indicates the necessity for ongoing vigilance and prompt intervention.
Keywords: Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Hyperglycemia, Metabolic Acidosis, Electrolyte Imbalance, Treatment Outcomes