Kedar S Takalkar
Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences Sawangi (Meghe) Wardha
Parag Rameshrao Aradhey
Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences Sawangi (Meghe) Wardha
Abstract
Background: The first clinical episode of symptoms and signs suggestive of an inflammatory demyelinating illness of the central nervous system (CNS) is known as clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). It can be mono or multifocal, affecting different areas of the CNS.
Aims & objectives: The goal of this study was to assess the patient profile of patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS).
Materials and Methods: Over the course of a year, the study was done at the Department of Neurology at a tertiary healthcare centre in Central India. On the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 98 cases were included in the study. The study procedure was described to all patients, and their agreement was obtained. The demographic, clinical, and radiological findings were all documented and examined.
Results: Females (n=70) outnumbered males (n=28) in the CIS population. The average age of the patients was 25.08. Optic neuritis (n=76) was the most common CIS symptom, followed by myelitis (n=12), brainstem/cerebellar (n=4), and multifocal (n=6). The majority of CIS patients (n=78/98) had MRI lesions. In the optic neuritis group (n=56/78), MRI lesions were found in 74% of cases, with 100% in the myelitis, brainstem/cerebellar, and multifocal subgroups. The majority of the optic neuritis patients (n=76/98) exhibited unilateral, painful vision loss with colour desaturation, afferent papillary defect, optic disc edoema, and all had demyelinating type VEP abnormalities.
Conclusion: The phrase "clinically isolated syndrome" (CIS) refers to a first clinical episode with symptoms that are suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS). According to the findings of this study, CIS is more common in women, with a preference for young adults, and optic neuritis is the most common clinical presentation, followed by myelitis, brainstem/cerebellar, and multifocal groups. The most essential non-invasive tool for diagnosing and prognosticating CIS patients is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Keywords: Brain stem, Clinically Isolated Syndrome, MRI, optic neuritis, Multiple sclerosis, inflammation.