Abstract
Background: COPD is one of the most common non-communicable diseases in the world, as well as in India. Airflow obstruction is the most common anomaly in COPD patients. COPD is not just a disease that affects elderly, male smokers; it affects both men and patients worldwide and is especially frequent in low- and middle-income nations.
Aims & objectives: The goal of this study was to look into the aetiology and clinical aspects of COPD after tuberculosis in tertiary hospital patients.
Material and Methods: This was prospective observational research on newly diagnosed COPD patients who had previously been diagnosed with tuberculosis in OPDs and medical wards.
Results: 92 patients with a history of tuberculosis were diagnosed with COPD throughout the study period and were included in the study. The average age was 61.46 years and 11.70 years. The age group 51-70 years old was the most frequently involved (68 %). The average BMI was 18.5 3.2 kg/m2. Cough (96%) was the most common clinical symptom, followed by expectoration (89%), fever (37%), edoema foot (13%), cachexia (15%), and skeletal muscle wasting (15%). (11 percent). According to GOLD standards, 28 percent, 43 percent, 17 percent, and 11 percent of the study participants were in stages 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. There was no history of smoking in any of the patients. 24 percent had been exposed to biomass smoke and 17 percent had been exposed to passive smoking at home (chula). Hyperinflation (67 percent), enlarged bronchovascular markings (76 percent), tubular heart (24 percent), low-placed diaphragm (61 percent), and the presence of bullae (35 percent) were all found on a chest X-ray. The most common comorbidity in research participants was a history of pulmonary tuberculosis (100 percent). Right heart failure (13 percent), pneumonia (11 percent), bronchiectasis (11 percent), and pneumothorax (4 percent) were all identified in study subjects at the time of diagnosis.
Conclusion: Individual vulnerability to COPD is determined by both personal and environmental risk factors. The main causes of COPD in patients include household, environmental air pollution, and second-hand smoke. COPD might have a less severe impact on a patient's life if it is detected early.
Keywords: COPD, GOLD criteria, spirometry, cough