A Review: Basic Introduction of Parenterals Products

Abstract

The term Parenteral derived from Greek words "Para" means outside & "Enteron" means intestine. The term "parenteral" used for any drug / fluid whose delivery does not utilize the alimentary canal for entering into body tissue. Parenterals are sterile solution/suspension of drug in aqueous or oily vehicle. Parenteral drugs are administered directly into the veins, muscles or under the skin, or more specialized tissues such as the spinal cord. Parenteral preparations are supplied in glass, plastic container and prefilled syringes with closures are made up of plastic or elastomer. The formulation of parenteral products involves the combination of one or more ingredients with a medicinal agent to enhance the convenience, acceptability, or effectiveness of the product. The most effective route for the delivery of the active pharmaceutical substances is the parenteral rout of administration, prescribed to unconscious patients. It was concluded that parenteral route of administration is the most effective route for the delivery of the active pharmaceutical substances with narrow therapeutic index, poor bioavailability especially for those drugs prescribed to unconscious patients.
The present study will outline the classification and types of parenteral products, route of administration, preformulation factors, formulation of parenterals, manufacturing of parenterals, evaluation of parenteral products, pyrogenicity, water for injection. It is more significant to produce good quality of parenteral. Parenterals are the pyrogen free liquids these are manufactured and stored according to GMP guidelines. Proper area environmental control, personnel observation will gives excellent parenteral products and attain their described therapeutic effect.  
Keywords: Classification, Types, Routes of administration, Preformulation factors, Formulation, Manufacturing, Evaluation parameters, Pyrogenicity, Water for injection.,