Abstract
Backdrop: Idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGE) are a category of illnesses characterised by a generalized, bilateral, synchronous, and symmetrical spike wave complex on EEG. They account for one-third of all epilepsies. In the inter-ictal phase, subjects with IGE have normal neurological status and no abnormalities on brain imaging. Normal backdrop and generalized discharges such as spikes, polys-pikes, poly-spike/spike, and waves can be seen in the inter-ictal EEG.
Aims and Objectives: To research clinical and EEG patterns in subjects with Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy.
Methodology: During a one-year period, individuals with idiopathic generalized epilepsy at a tertiary health care center's Department of Neurology were studied for seizure types, EEG patterns, and syndromic epilepsy diagnosis in cross-sectional retrospective research. EEG was recorded for at least 30 minutes when sleeping and awake. Those who had a normal EEG the first time were subjected to 60 minutes of sleep and awake EEG. The information was given in a tabular format with percentages.
Results: The research included 130 subjects with IGE who were over the age of five. Subjects aged 16-30 years (44.62 percent) were the most impacted, followed by 31-45 years (23.07 percent), 6-15 years (18.46 percent), and 46-60 years (13.84 percent). Females (61.54 percent) were more affected than males (38.46 percent ). GTCS alone accounted for 23.08 percent, Absences alone for 20.00 percent, GTCS + myoclonic jerks for 13.85 percent, GTCS + absences for 12.31 percent, Myoclonic jerks for 7.69 percent, Absences and myoclonus for 6.15 percent, GTCS + absences + myoclonic jerks for 6.15 percent, Atonic drop for 4.62 percent, Atonic drop and myoclonic jerks for Even after multiple EEG investigations, the EEG pattern was abnormal in 81.54 percent of the cases and normal in 18.46 percent. Focal discharges were detected in 32.30 percent of subjects, with the frontocentral area being the most common location. In 71.42 percent of instances, the focal discharges were unilateral, while in the remaining 28.57 percent, they were synchronous bilateral. 15.4 percent of individuals had occipital rhythmic intermittent delta activity (ORIDA). In all 14 JME subjects, photic stimulation increased discharges, whereas hyperventilation caused discharges in 92.3 percent of children with absence epilepsy. Abortive generalized bursts of discharges (less than 2 seconds) made up 53.08 percent of the aberrant generalized EEG pattern, whereas bursts longer than 2 seconds made up the remaining 46.92 percent. JME was the only source of poly-spike, spike wave discharges.
Conclusions: Our research revealed that the majority of the subjects were between the ages of 15 and 30, and that the majority of them were females. GTCs alone were the most common seizure type, followed by absences alone, and GTC + myoclonic jerks. With IGE, you can see focal discharges, typically from the frontocentral area. ORIDA is also seen in generalised epilepsy, especially CAE. JME is the only way to see polyspike discharges.
Key Words: EEG (Electro Encephalography), GTCS (Generalized Tonic Colonic Seizure), Myoclonic jerks, Absence.