Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) which is produced by trisomy of chromosome {Hsa21} & moreover it is linked with a number of deleterious phenotypes, which includes learning disability, heart defects ,early –onset Alzheimer’s disease & even childhood leukemia. Individuals with DS are usually affected via these phenotype to a variable point; understanding the origin of this variant is a key challenge ,at this juncture we are analyzing research progress in DS ,mutually in patient & in relevant animal models .In particular ,we highlight exciting progresses in therapy to recover cognitive function in people with DS & the important developments in understanding the gene content of Hsa21 .Additionally we discuss future research directions in light of new technologies ,in precise ,the use of chromosome engineering to produce new trisomic mouse models & large scale studies of genotype –phenotype associations in patient are expected to suggestively contribute to the future understanding of DS.
KEY WORDS: Down Syndrome, HSa 21 , DYRK1A