Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of interrelated metabolic abnormalities that significantly increase cardiovascular risk and complicate the management of hypertension. Understanding the incidence and clinical profile of MetS in hypertensive patients is crucial for effective disease management.
Objective: To assess the incidence and clinical characteristics of metabolic syndrome in hypertensive patients at a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over six months at a tertiary care hospital. Hypertensive patients aged 18 and older were included. Exclusion criteria were secondary hypertension, severe chronic diseases, and pregnancy. Data collected included anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and biochemical tests. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed based on International Diabetes Federation criteria. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of MetS among the participants.
Results: A total of 200 hypertensive patients were included. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 35%. The components of MetS observed included central obesity (40%), elevated fasting glucose (32%), dyslipidemia (45%), and low HDL cholesterol (30%). The median age of participants was 54 years, with a median BMI of 28 kg/m2 and median waist circumference of 98 cm. Conclusion: Elevated prevalence of metabolic syndrome among hypertensive patients highlights the need for integrated management strategies that address both hypertension and metabolic abnormalities. Early detection and comprehensive management could improve patient outcomes and reduce cardiovascular risk. Further longitudinal studies are recommended to explore causal relationships and refine treatment approaches.
Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, hypertension, cardiovascular risk, central obesity, dyslipidemia, fasting glucose.