EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF SMOKING AND ALCOHOL USE ON BONE HEALING OUTCOMES

Abstract

Background: Smoking and alcohol consumption are common lifestyle factors that negatively impact bone health. This study aims to investigate the effects of smoking and alcohol consumption on bone healing in patients undergoing orthopaedic procedures.Objective: To evaluate the impact of smoking and alcohol consumption on bone healing outcomes, including delayed healing, non-union, and post- operative complications.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics at a tertiary care hospital, including 40 patients undergoing fracture fixation or bone grafting. Data were collected on smoking and alcohol history, and bone healing was assessed radiographically at 6, 12, and 24 weeks post-operatively.Results: Among smokers, 60% experienced delayed healing, 20% developed non-union, and 30% had post-operative infections. Among alcohol consumers, 50% had delayed healing, 15% developed non-union, and 25% had infections. Both smoking and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with impaired bone healing.Conclusion: Smoking and alcohol consumption negatively impact bone healing outcomes in orthopedic patients. These findings underscore the need for smoking cessation and alcohol reduction programs as part of pre- operative and post-operative care to enhance bone healing and reduce complications.Keywords: Bone healing, Smoking, Alcohol consumption, Orthopaedic surgery, Delayed union, Non-union