Amol Kelkar
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry S.M.B.T. Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Center, Dhamangaon, Dist. Nashik
Abstract
Background: Panic attacks are sudden episodes of intense fear or discomfort that can occur without warning. Understanding the risk factors and effective management strategies is crucial for improving patient outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the key risk factors associated with panic attacks and assess the effectiveness of different treatment modalities, including pharmacological and psychological interventions.
Objective: The study's primary objective was to identify the genetic, psychological, and environmental factors contributing to panic attacks and to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment approaches such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), benzodiazepines, and cognitive- behavioral therapy (CBT).
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry at a tertiary care hospital, including 80 patients diagnosed with panic attacks based on DSM-5 criteria. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and clinical assessments. Risk factors such as family history of anxiety, history of trauma, and psychological stressors were evaluated. Treatment outcomes were assessed based on the reduction in panic attack severity and improvement in quality of life using standardized scales.
Results: The majority of patients were female (55%) and between the ages of 31-45 years (42.5%). Family history of anxiety was reported by 37.5% of patients, while 43.75% had a history of trauma. SSRIs were effective in reducing panic attack severity in 85% of patients, while CBT demonstrated a 90% effectiveness rate in symptom reduction. Benzodiazepines were less effective, with only 70% of patients reporting improvement in panic severity.
Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of addressing genetic, psychological, and environmental factors in the management of panic attacks. SSRIs and CBT were found to be the most effective treatments, highlighting the need for personalized, multifaceted approaches to care. Future research should focus on long-term outcomes and relapse prevention strategies.
Keywords: Panic attacks, Risk factors, Cognitive-behavioral therapy, SSRIs, Anxiety, Trauma