Assessment of Fundoscopic Changes in Pregnant Women with Hypertension

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate fundoscopic findings in pregnant women diagnosed with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). PIH, which includes gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, poses significant risks to both maternal and fetal health, often leading to serious complications such as stroke and placental abruption. Fundoscopy serves as a valuable tool for detecting ocular changes associated with hypertension, including retinal hemorrhages, exudates, and changes in the optic nerve head.
In this cross-sectional study, we examined 100 pregnant women diagnosed with PIH and compared their fundoscopic findings with a control group of 100 normotensive pregnant women. Each participant underwent a comprehensive eye examination using a direct ophthalmoscope. Fundoscopic findings were categorized and analyzed.
The results revealed a higher prevalence of retinal changes in the PIH group, with 30% exhibiting retinal hemorrhages and 25% showing exudates compared to 5% and 3% in the control group, respectively (p < 0.01). Additionally, optic disc edema was noted in 10% of the PIH group, indicating elevated intracranial pressure.
This study highlights the importance of regular ophthalmic examinations in pregnant women with hypertension, facilitating early identification of potentially serious complications.
Keywords: pregnancy-induced hypertension, fundoscopy, retinal changes, maternal health, ocular assessment.