Bioevaluation of Albizia Procera Leaves in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease in Animal Model

Abstract

Background: 60–70% of cases of memory loss are caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is a violent type of memory loss manifesting in memory, language and behavioural deficits. The primary risk of AD is advancing age. The incidence rates change with ages. After the age of 65 incidence rate of disease become double and differs in the sex also. Women are more proven for the disease particularly after the age of 85. The risk of dying from AD is higher in white non-Hispanics than in black non-Hispanics, although the Hispanic population is less likely to get AD than non-Hispanic whites. Whereas non-Hispanic whites have a higher risk of dying from AD than non-Hispanic blacks, the Hispanic population is less likely to get AD.
This study was undertaken in order to evaluate learning and memory impairment activity of the methanolic extract of Albizia procera R. (MEtAP) leaves in animal models. Albizia procera R. (AP) is a fast-growing subtropical and tropical tree belonging to the Fabaceae family's Mimosoideae subfamily. AP is a herb widely used in the Asian traditional medicine as antioxidant, analgesic, antibacterial¸ antidiarrheal and antidiabetic drug. AD is a chronic neurological disease.
Methods: The leaves of AP were collected, authenticated, dried and extracted with methanol. The effect of the MEtAP leaves (200 and 400 mg/kg, taken orally once a day for 28 days)
on learning and memory performance was assessed using Modified EPM apparatus and MWM apparatus. Learning and Memory impairment was induced by chronic restraint stress.
Results: In Modified EPM apparatus the treated rats exhibited decrease entries and time spent in the closed arm and increase entries and time spent in open arm. In MWM Apparatus the treated rats exhibited increase in the retention time and decrease in the escape latency. In calorimetric analysis the level of acetylcholinesterase decreases by the plant extract to some extent and helps in the learning and memory enhancement. Administration of MEtAP leaves significantly improved those parameters suggesting positive effects on learning and memory impairment activity.
Conclusion: The present finding indicates that the MEtAP leaves exhibits significant mild to moderate learning and memory enhancement activity at low dose (200 mg/kg) and high dose (400 mg/kg) Thus, AP is a promising herbal option in the pharmaceutical world.
Keywords: - Albizia procera R. (AP), Alzheimer Disease (AD), EPM apparatus, MWM apparatus, Learning and Memory enhancement activity..